Almond Oil
The almond is a species of tree native to the Middle East and South Asia. “Almond” is also the name of the edible and widely cultivated seed of this tree. Almond oil has many essential vitamins for beauty, such as A, D and E. Almond oil does not have a greasy effect. There are a variety of ways to use it to moisturize, soften, smooth and even the skin.
Aloe Vera
Aloe Vera is a cactus plant that belongs to the Liliaceae family. It grows in dry climates such as those found in parts of Africa and India and has been used medicinally for centuries. Aloe leaves secrete a clear gel that when broken off from the rest of the plant that can be applied topically to heal wounds and soothe skin. Aloe vera has several properties that are effective in treating a variety of skin conditions, from flaky or dry skin, cosmetic ailments, hair and scalp problems. Aloe Vera helps with sunburn through its powerful healing activity because of its nutritional qualities and antioxidant properties, the skin heals quicker. Aloe leaves contain a plethora of antioxidants including, beta carotene, vitamin C and E that can help improve the skin’s natural firmness and keep the skin hydrated.
Black Sesame
Sesame Seed Oil has been used as healing oil for thousands of years. It is a naturally antibacterial for common skin such as athlete’s foot fungus. It is naturally antiviral. It is a natural anti inflammatory agent.
Research shows that sesame seed oil is a potent antioxidant. In the tissues beneath the skin, this oil will neutralize oxygen radicals. Sesame seed oil helps joints keep their flexibility. It keeps the skin supple and soft. It heals and protects areas of mild scrapes, cuts and abrasions.
On the skin, oil soluble toxins are attracted to sesame seed oil molecules which can then be washed away with hot water and a mild soap. Internally, the oil molecules attract oil soluble toxins and carry them into the blood stream and then out of the body as waste. It helps tighten facial skin, particularly around the nose, controlling the usual enlargement of pores as skin ages chronologically. In vitro, sesame seed oil has inhibited the growth of malignant melanoma (a skin cancer). It is a useful natural UV protector. Used after exposure to wind or sun it will calm the burns.
Black Pepper
Black pepper essential oil is distilled from the fruit of pepper vine. This warming oil helps to boost your body’s natural defenses and helps to ease aching muscles when combined with a therapeutic massage. The aroma of black pepper is spicy, musky, warm. When uses in aromatherapy, black pepper essential oil helps people feel open to emotional clarity and honesty. Black pepper can help ease muscle aches and pains, improve blood flow and circulation and support digestive health.
Centella Asiatica
Centella asiatica known as Gotu Kola is a medicinal plant that has been used in Thai traditional medicine for hundreds of years as well as in scientifically oriented medicine. It has properties in promoting fibroblast proliferation and increasing the synthesis of collagen and intracellular fibronectin content and also improvement of the tensile strength of newly formed skin as well as inhibiting the inflammatory phase of hypertrophic scars and keloids. Research results indicate that it can be used in the treatment of photoaging skin, cellulite and striae. It has been effective for some in reducing leg veins and swelling. Its constituents have been shown to inhibit collagen production in conjunction with scar tissue making it helpful in preventing scaring. Its bio-energizing properties strengthen Elastin and Collagen layers and rebuild damage skin cells.
Champaca
Magnolia champaca, known in English as champak, is a large evergreen tree in the Magnoliaceae family.It is known for its fragrant flowers.Champaca is one of favourite flowers, Thai people use as part of a hand crafted Jasmine flower garland offering to Monk and Buddha image. Champaca emits a unique warm fragrance, which promotes a unique warm fragrance, which promotes a peaceful state, possibly reducing stress and allowing one to relax and breathe easily. It is particularly useful for a moment of tranquil contemplation.
Chili Pepper
Chili peppers contain a substance called capsaicin, which gives peppers their characteristic pungence, producing mild to intense spice when eaten. Capsaicin is a potent inhibitor of substance P, a neuropeptide associated with inflammatory processes. The hotter the chili pepper, the more capsaicin it contains. Red pepper stimulates micro-circulation and combats localized fat.
Cinnamon
Cinnamon essential oil is derived from the barks or leaves of Cinnamomum Cassia tree, native to South Asia. It has warm, spicy scent that is slightly herbaceous with pepper notes.Cinnamon was highly valued by ancient Egyptians and has been used by Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine practitioners in Asia for thousands of years to help heal everything from depression to weight gain.Cinnamon is known to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, and anticancer properties.
Cloves
Clove essential oil is derived from the buds or leaves or steams of clove tree, native to South asia. The aroma is spicy, herbaceous and slightly sweet. Clove oil is great for dry skin. It helps the blood flow through and help reduce the pain to needed area. Because it helps improve circulation, clove oil is ideal for reducing the pain and discomfort typically associated with tension headaches. When used for aromatherapy purposes, clove bud oil helps to stimulate the brain. The scent makes you more attentive and can even make you feel more energetic.
Coconut
The coconut is known for its great versatility as seen in the many uses of its different parts. Coconuts are part of the daily diets of Thai people. Coconuts are different from any other fruits because they contain a large quantity of “water” and when immature they are known as tender-nuts or jelly-nuts and may be harvested for drinking. Coconut oil is composed primarily of nourishing fatty acids and is especially high in lauric acid. It also contains vitamin E and healthy fats. Satira use organic virgin coconut oil from koh Samui derives from traditional hand pressed and fermentation method pass on from generations of generations of coconut farmers. Coconut oil is known for its anti-oxidant properties and as such it has been used to treat various skin ailments such as eczema, dermatitis and psoriasis. Coconut oil can help to restore the skin’s natural PH levels thus leaving it silky and smooth.
Curcuma Xanthorrhiza
Curcuma Xanthorrhiza Roxb, commonly known as “Wan Chak Mod Look” in Thailand and “Javanese Turmeric” in Indonesia, which is found both wild and cultivated in Thailand and Indonesia, has been traditionally used for medicinal purposes. C. Xanthorrhiza is also used as a tonic especially for women in Thailand. It helps control blood cholesterol level, relieve liver disease, rheumatism and remove gallstone, relieve womb inflammation, and stimulate the milk flow of woman after childbirth as it is useful to accelerate lochia discharge, vagina, and womb restoration. Curcuma Xanthorrhiza is also used in traditional products for haemorrhoids, skin rashes, infected wounds and eczema.
Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus is a tree native to Australia. Eucalyptus oil is extracted from leaves of Eucalyptus tree. They are dried, crushed and then distilled to extract the camphorous and potent essential oil. They are use as a medicine to treat a variety of common diseases and conditions including nasal congestion, asthma, and as a tick repellant. Eucalyptus oil is also used to ease cold symptoms and provide respiratory health benefits. Eucalyptus oil is perfect for enchance well-being for your surroundings. Whether to diffuse the oil into the air using an aroma lamp or diffuser, apply it topically, or inhale it straight from the bottle, the fragrance the oil releases brings multiple benefits. It will clear the mind, help to relax, and increase concentration while also feeling stress-free.
Frangipani
Frangipani is believed to be brought to Thailand centuries ago by the European Missionary. Frangipani’s rich, heady exotic scent has a deep expansive quality, which encourages a sensual almost provocative response. It is thought to restore inner peace and harmony. Frangipani represents the beauty and peace of a Thai spa.Frangipani oil helps boost your mood immediately and help you to have positive attitude toward the life.
Gingseng
Ginseng, also known as the root of immortality, is a sweet, tonic herb that has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries to treat various disorders. It is believed to both stimulate and relax the nervous system and improve stamina. Ginseng root contains numerous bioactive compounds, including saponins, polysaccharides, pectin, sugar, vitamins B1, B2, B12, pantothenic acid and minerals, which help to increase oxygenation and circulation to skin cells for a healthy glow. Its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant qualities help to protect skin from free radical damage.Ginseng has a complex of polysaccharides and glycoproteins, which form a weightless film on the surface that helps to firm and smooth the appearance of fine lines. It also helps de-puff the area around eyes and can help minimize dark circles.
Ginko Biloba
The Ginkgo biloba tree is an evergreen originally found in Eastern Asian countries, including parts of China, Japan, and the Koreas. Folk medicine lists various uses for extracts of different parts of the ginkgo tree. Ginkgo Biloba seeds have been used in traiditional Chinese medicine, a medical system that based on the concept of disease results from disruption in the flow of energy inside the body. Ginko Bilobas’ leaves are very rich in major antioxidants which block the formation of the free radicals. It stimulates micro-circulation and strengthens blood vessels. A powerful antioxidant for the entire body, Gingko naturally slows the effects of aging by cleaning up free radicals that set off damaging chain reactions related to disease, cell damage and aging. Gingko is a perfect tonic to blood vessels keeping them strong and supple and helping them to deliver nutrients and oxygen to all cells within the body. Gingko promotes the life of cells by preventing and repairing any microscopic damage.
Geranium
Pelargonium graveolens is the Geranium species that is most commonly cultivated for the extraction of leaves and flowers to get the sweet-smelling essential oil as early as the time of the ancient Egyptians. Used in aromatherapy applications, Geranium Essential Oil, uses in aromatherapy application, reduces feelings of stress, anxiety, sadness, fatigue, and tension, enhances concentration, improves cognitive function, and balances the emotions as well as the hormones. Geranium Essential Oil is reputed to effectively eliminate dead cells, tighten the skin, promote the regeneration of new skin, and diminish signs of aging.
Grapefruit
Grapefruit originated in Asia, but the tree has long been established in India, Japan, North America and the Mediterranean Basin. It is cultivated mainly for its edible fruit. It has always been reputed as being moisturizing and cleansing for skin. Grapefruit is rich in vitamin C, which is necessary for collagen production in the skin. A great benefit of grapefruit is that it promotes the production of collagen, thus making the skin more plump and reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, keeping the skin looking younger and more supple. It helps keep the outer skin layer hydrated and more resistant to wrinkle-causing free-radical damage from the sun and daily pollution. Grapefruit has excellent astringent and exfoliating properties that are perfect for oily or acne-prone skin.
Green Tea
Green tea is made from the leaves from Camellia sinensis that have undergone minimal oxidation during processing. Green tea originated in China, but it has become associated with many cultures throughout Asia. The antioxidants in green tea are excellent at fighting premature aging. Free radical damage is one of the leading causes of premature aging. These invaders are increased by an unhealthy diet, smoking, and environmental factors such as pollution. Antioxidants in green tea eliminate free radicals that can cause fine lines and wrinkles. Green tea also is packed with vitamin B and vitamin E—two compounds that are essential for skin health. Vitamin B helps to maintain collagen production, which increases elasticity of skin. Collagen is one of the leading compounds in anti-aging products as it firms skin and prevents wrinkles. Vitamin E helps promote cell regeneration. This vitamin works to hydrate and nourish skin.
Honey
Honey is a sweet, viscous food substance made by bees and some related insects. Bees produce honey from the sugary secretions of plants or from secretions of other insects, by regurgitation, enzymatic activity, and water evaporation. Rich in antioxidants & flavonoids, honey has many uses in relation to general health while its antibacterial properties make it good for skin. Honey can hydrate the skin, leaving it soft, radiant, and glowing.
This is due to natural humectants and emollients contained in this precious product that increase the water content and reduce dryness in the skin.
Hyaluronic Acid
Hyaluronic acid is naturally occurring in the human body. It helps to hydrate the skin and maintain this hydration as a humectant. It helps replenish the skin’s moisture as well as plumps and smooths the appearance of fine lines. Hyaluronic Acid also has antioxidant properties, which can act like a shield against free radicals from pollution and other aggressors.
Imperata Cylindrica
A dessert plant, Imperata Cylindrica’s roots contain high concentrations of potassium which provides an immediate and lasting hydrating effect. In our formulation, Imperata Cylindrica helps skin to store and retain moisture efficiently – even in the driest weather conditions. It is believed that indigenous Australians of centuries past used the desert plant as a substitute for salt, due to its high saline content.
Jasmine
The Jasmine is native to tropical and warm temperate regions of the old world. Jasmine flowers are white in most species, with some species being yellow flowered. Jasmine is believed to have originated in the Himalayas. It was chosen over roses as the symbol of Mother’s Day in Thailand, which coincides with the birthday of Her Majesty the Queen, the mother of the nation. It stands for the pure, unconditional love that only a mother can give. Jasmine oil has effective to reduce depression symptoms, boost your mood to have more positive, energetic, romantic and have an aphrodisiac effect.
Lavender
Lavender is in a mint tree family. It has beautiful purple flowers that emits herbaceous sweet floral scent. Lavender is an herb native to northern Africa and the mountainous regions of the Mediterranean with a history dating as far back as 2,500 years. Lavender oil has calming effects on nervous system which aid to sleep and relaxation, enhances blood circulation and reduces anxiety. It is balanced with its pleasant floral scent and it’s therapeutic qualities; sweet, floral and lemony.
Lemongrass
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon flexuosus) is a tall grass that grows in tropical climates. Native to islands in Southeastern Asia, it is a common seasoning in Thai, Indian, and Chinese cuisine and is often brewed as a tea. In aromatherapy, lemongrass essential oil is used to reduce inflammation, relieve headaches, and ease indigestion. Inhaling the scent of the oil or using the oil topically (mixed into carrier oils, body oil, and hair and skin products) is said to offer a variety of benefits. This grass is rich in a substance called citral, the active ingredient in lemon peel. It is cooling, refreshing, and stimulating with excellent antiseptic and deodorant properties, which make it a good choice to use in a burner to clear and freshen the air.
Lemongrass is called the “connective tissue essential oil” because it tightens and tones the skin and connective tissue. It is useful in massage and compresses after sports injuries, general strains and sprains, and after dieting when the connective tissue and skin may have lost tone and become slack. It is use as a digestion stimulant in cases of flatulence, indigestion, and constipation. In the hill-tribes villages, fresh lemongrass also used as a general tonic, for bone and joint pain, and topically for sprains, bruises, and sore muscles.
Mangosteen
The mangosteen is a tropical evergreen tree, originated in Southeast Asia. The mangosteen fruit, known as the queen of fruits is 2-3 inch diameter. The outer purple-black skinned shell of the mangosteen fruit is hard. The snow-white, juicy, soft flesh pulp is mild acidic.
Recent research studies on mangosteen fruit suggest that the rind has high xanthones rich in anti-oxidant. It is helpful in preventing and stopping diseases such as cancer, diabetes, heart disease, Alzheimer’s disease and other chronic diseases. It also protects and nourishes the skin. Tannins also provide astringent property and cure inflammation.
Mulberry
The white mulberry tree was grown by the Chinese for several thousand years before being exported to the northern Indies. They were discovered by renaissance travellers such as Marco Polo and taken around the world. Mulberry leaves, particularly those of the white mulberry, are ecologically important as the sole food source of the silkworm. Extracts of the root help to reduce the signs of skin ageing by inhibiting the effect of tyrosinase, an enzyme which synthesise the production of melanin in the skin. This promotes a more even tone skin condition.
Olive Oil
Olive oil is a fat obtained from the olive, a traditional tree crop of the Mediterranean Basin. The oil is produced by pressing whole olives. Olive oil has many skin and health benefits. Olive oil has many vitamins, including A, D, and K, as well as vitamin E. Research also proves that applying olive oil to the skin can prevent signs of photo-aging and sun damage. It contains antioxidants that fight free-radical damage and squalene, which is extremely hydrating.
Orange
Orange Essential Oil, most commonly referred to as Sweet Orange Essential Oil, is derived from the fruits of the Citrus sinensis botanical. Conversely, Bitter Orange Essential Oil is derived from the fruits of the Citrus aurantium botanical. Orange Oil’s ability to naturally enhance immunity and reduce several symptoms of numerous ailments have lent it to traditional medicinal applications for the treatment of acne, chronic stress, and other health concerns. Used in aromatherapy, Orange Essential Oil’s pleasant scent has a cheerful and uplifting yet simultaneously relaxing, calming effect that helps reduce pulse rate. It can not only create a warm environment but can also stimulate the strength and resilience of the immune system and eliminate airborne bacteria.
Orchid
Orchid the name of this flower is full of mystery and beauty, rarity and luxury. One of the “Queens of the Flower Kingdom”, it was imported from the East into Asia Minor. Thais use orchid flower for home decoration, make sacred offering and a part of beauty regime.
Orchid and Sandalwood
The combination of the mood-uplifting scent of Black Orchid and the spiritual aromas of Sandalwood combine to make the ultimate seductive yet alluring scent. It has rich, balsamic, sweet fragrance with delicate wood notes that add to its reputation as a luxurious and exquisite oil.
Peppermint
Peppermint is a hybrid species of spearmint and water mint (Mentha aquatica). The essential oils are gathered by CO2 or cold extraction of the fresh aerial parts of the flowering plant. Peppermint oil is one of the most versatile essential oils out there. It can be used aromatically, topically and internally to address a number of health concerns, from muscles aches and seasonal allergy symptoms, to low energy and digestive complaints. It’s also commonly used to boost energy levels and improve both skin and hair health.
Pueraria Mirifica
Pueraria Mirifica is an indigenous herb of Thailand, known in Thai as “Kwao Kreu” or “Kwao Kreu Kao” (White Kwao Kreu). It belongs the soy, bean & pea subfamily, The plants are commonly found in abundant in the forests in the north, the west and the northeast of Thailand. Pueraria mirifica has substantial health benefits. Its extracts are made by concentrating active ingredients from the rhizomes. the health benefits of Pueraria mirifica are as follows:
- Rejuvenates the body and keeps the body lively
- Anti-menopausal syndrome
- Firms breasts
- Makes the skin beautifully young
- Possesses anti-aging properties
- Stimulates blood circulation
- Improves complexion
- Reduces wrinkles and freckles
Rice Bran
Rice Bran Oil (Oryza sativa) is derived from the hard, outer layer of rice—the bran. Bran, a byproduct of rice milling, is the layer that lies under the chaff, or husk. (Removing this nutrient-rich bran allows for the transformation of brown rice into white rice.) After being harvested, the bran is either pressed by hand or cold pressed through machinery to obtain the oil. Rice bran contains high levels of Vitamins B and E, and is an excellent hydrator and anti-ager. It also contains squalene, which occurs naturally in human sebum (the oils in our skin that keep us hydrated and maintain the skin’s protective barrier). Rice Bran Oil’s fatty acids and other nutrients provide excellent anti-aging properties, while protecting against environmental pollution and UV rays. Powerful but easily absorbed, Rice Bran Oil provides serious hydration without clogging pores. The versatile, gentle oil extracted from rice bran effectively reduces signs of aging while soothing, hydrating, and protecting the skin. Gamma-oryzanol, a unique, very rare component, particularly helps promote circulation to effectively even skin tone.
Rose
Sourced from the Rosa damascena plant, it contains the flower’s aromatic compounds. Because these compounds are thought to possess healing properties, rose essential oil is used for a number of health-related purposes. When applied directly to the skin, skin care products containing rose essential oil are purported to hydrate dry skin, calming overactive sebum production and help clear acnes, reduce signs of aging, minimize the appearance of scars, and help with conditions such as eczema and rosacea. Rose essential oil may help relieve stress. Studies of rose essential oil benefits show a greater increase in feelings of calm and relaxation, enhance better sleep quality and reduced anxiety level. It also helps manage menstrual symptoms and pains.
Rosemary
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) is a small evergreen plant that belongs to the mint family. Rosemary essential oil is extracted from the leaves and flowering tops of the plant. With a woody, evergreen-like scent, rosemary oil is typically described as invigorating and purifying. Rosemary has incredible free radical fighting power. Rosemary Essential Oil is best known for its stimulating, soothing, and pain relieving properties.
Shea Butter
Shea butter is a skin superfood that comes from the seeds of the fruit of the Shea (Karite) tree and that is naturally rich in vitamins A, E and F. It offers UV protection and provides the skin with essential fatty acids and the nutrients necessary for collagen production. It is often used to remedy dry skin and to help protect the skin’s natural oils. It was found to reduce skin inflammation and even potentially help avoid skin mutations. Shea butter aids in the skin’s natural collagen production and contains oleic, stearic, palmitic, and linolenic acids that protect and nourish the skin to prevent drying. With long-term use, many people report skin softening and strengthening as well as wrinkle reduction.
Silk Protein
Silk Sericin is a natural water-soluble glycoprotein extracted from raw sil Photoprotective effect against UVB-induced acute damage and tumor promotion by reducing oxidative stress. It is used as an additive in skin and hair care products due to its high levels of serine which has excellent moisture preservation characteristics. Silk sericin has resemblance with the natural moisturizing factor (NMF), help to increase hydration of epidermal cells revealed the moisturizing effect of sericinIt also has a unique carbohydrate moiety and a unique repetitive amino acid sequence which give it a high affinity for bonding to adhering proteins resulting in a tightening, anti-wrinkle effect.
Sodium PCA
Sodium PCA is a naturally occurring humectant found in human skin (NMF : Natural Moisturizing Factor) that is a derivative of amino acids. It has high water absorbing properties, with the ability to absorb moisture from the air. It can also bind moisture to cells, and hold several times its weight in water. It helps to replenish NMF, signs of aging such as lines, wrinkles, and dry skin, will be reduced. The result is skin that appears more smooth, hydrated, and firm. Sodium PCA is non-comedogenic.
Sunflower
The sunflower is an annual plant native to the Americas. It possesses a large inflorescence (flowering head), and its name is derived from the flower’s shape and image, which is often used to capture the sun. Sunflower seed oil is a great source of vitamin E, rich in nutrients and antioxidants, and is effective for combatting skincare issues like acne, inflammation, general redness and irritation of the skin. Sunflower oil has emollient properties that help the skin retain its moisture.The antioxidant properties of sunflower oil help in preventing premature signs of aging, as it helps protect the skin from exposure to sunlight. The vitamin E in sunflower seed oil can help protect the collagen and elastin in the skin and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles in your face.
Tamarind
Tamarind is a tropical fruit well known for its sweet and sour taste. Thais have for centuries used tamarind as a natural cleanser. It is great for combination/ oily skin due to mild acidity helps remove dead skin cell. It contains important nutrients like vitamin K, C, magnesium, potassium and iron. Tamarind can make your skin glowing and bright as it removes the tanning and hyperpigmentation naturally. The rich antioxidants present in tamarind can hydrate and makes your skin rejuvenated.
Tea Tree
Silk Sericin is a natural water-soluble glycoprotein extracted from raw sil Tea tree oil is a volatile essential oil derived from the leaves of Australian plant Melaleuca alternifolia. The oil possesses antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antifungal properties. Tea tree oil is probably best known for its antibacterial activity.
Thai Plai
Essential oil derived from the rhizome, (the root-like stem), of Zingiber cassumunar Roxburgh (Thai Plai), an herbal plant used in Thailand and Southeast Asia for centuries for a broad range of medical conditions. Medical research studies into the medicinal properties of various plants in the ginger (Zingiberaceae) family have isolated the Zingiber cassumunar and Zingiber officinale species for its anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and pain relieving activity. Commonly used by Thai natives, it carries anti-inflammatory, muscular soothing properties. Plai acts as a cooling agent so is a superb oil for a muscle relaxant reducing muscle inflammation. The Thai culture will use it for its antioxidant properties to heal skin wounds and scars. It is also the key ingredient in Thai herbal compress.
Turmeric
Turmeric oil is derived from turmeric, which is an herb well-known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-malarial, anti-tumor, anti-proliferative, and anti-aging properties. Turmeric has a lengthy history as a medicine, spice and coloring agent. Turmeric oil is a strong relaxant and balancer to the body. Studies have shown it can help fight against two extremely common mood disorders, depression and anxiety. As an effective essential oil for anxiety and depression, it may improve mood and positive feelings.
Witch Hazel
Witch hazel is a natural remedy made from the bark and leaves of a plant called Hamamelis virginiana. Long used in traditional medicine, witch hazel is usually applied topically in order to treat certain skin conditions.Witch hazel contains tannins, a type of natural compound with astringent effects. By acting as an astringent, witch hazel helps to constrict skin tissue.
Ylang Ylang
Ylang Ylang Essential Oil is derived from the steam distillated flowers of the Cananga odorata botanical. Used in aromatherapy applications, Ylang Ylang Essential Oil soothes stress, anxiety, sadness, tension, and sleeplessness. Its aphrodisiac quality is reputed to boost the libido to enhance sensuality between a couple. Used cosmetically or topically in general, Ylang Ylang Essential Oil is known to balance and regulate oil production in the skin and hair, while also soothing inflammation and irritation. It enhances circulation, encourages the growth of new skin and hair, contributes and maintains hydration, conditions, and prevents infections.